RSITY  HEATING  SYSTEM 


TIurch  Kerr  &  Co. 
orporated. 

Engineers. 

New  York,  U.S.A.,  June  n,  1904. 


L.  Williams ,  Treasurer , 

Cornell  University ,  Ithaca ,  iV.  K. 

ar  Sir  ; — 

Mr.  Steele  has  completed  his  report  on  the  University  steam  gener- 
ring  and  distributing  system  and  we  are  pleased  to  hand  you  here¬ 
with  enclosed  a  copy  of  this  report  with  two  white  prints  upon  which 
we  have  in  red  and  black  indicated  the  present  piping  and  the  pro¬ 
posed  extensions  of  the  immediate  future,  the  latter  being  for  the 
supply  of  steam  to  the  new  Goldwin  Smith  and  Rockefeller  Halls. 

Two  systems  have  been  considered,  one,  which  is  called  Plan  One 
in  the  report  is  an  extension  of  the  present  arrangement.  The  second, 
called  Plan  Two  in  the  report  is  for  the  supplementing  of  the  present 
arrangement  with  a  second  steam  generating  plant  which  is  shown  in 
black  ink  as  near  Sibley.  This,  however,  might  be  in  any  one  of  the 
nearby  buildings  if  desired  or  at  some  such  point  as  indicated. 

We  have  carefully  considered  the  various  features  connected  with 
the  deterioration  of  the  present  plant,  the  extension  of  the  University 
and  the  fact  that  90  per  cent,  of  the  heating  is  on  the  northern  half  of 
the  Campus  while  the  steam  producing  plant  is  almost  at  the  southern 
end  of  the  southern  half. 

We  have,  as  you  will  notice,  suggested  slightly  different  methods  of 
entering  Goldwin  Smith  Hall  and  Rockefeller  Hall  than  shown  in  the 
plans  for  the  heating  of  these  two  buildings.  This  we  have  done  sug¬ 
gestively,  it  being  suggested  economy  over  and  above  the  other  meth¬ 
od.  It  is  our  understanding  that  such  manner  of  entry  to  Rockefeller 
Hall  and  possibly  Goldwin  Smith  Hall  are  not  desired  from  the  stand¬ 
point  of  design  of  matters  within  the  buildings  themselves  but  now 
that  the  consideration  of  the  general  heating  and  distributing  system 
is  up  it  might  be  well  for  us  all  to  review  these  two  items  with  a  view 
to  somewhat  more  economical  performance. 

We  would  call  your  attention  to  the  estimate  attached  to  the  report 
which  shows  in  approximate  figures  the  cost  which  you  might  expect 
to  incur  should  you  follow  out  one  of  the  proposed  methods.  This 
estimate  of  cost  is  so  made  that  it  reflects  sections  of  the  work  to  en¬ 
able  you  as  much  as  possible  to  plan  how  much  you  wish  to  do,  we 
having  however,  assumed  a  certain  minimum  which  by  either  the  first 
or  the  second  plans  falls  around  $50,000. 

In  general,  after  fully  canvassing  the  entire  situation  we  feel  that 
Plan  No.  One,  namely  the  extension  of  the  boiler  plant  as  at  present 


located  with  proper  enlargement  of  the  feec 
to  attempt  at  the  present  at  least,  the  installation^ 
plant  for  assisting  at  the  time  of  maximum  loading? 

This  because  the  cost  of  extension  is  a  trifle  less  for  yoiir^ 
needs,  while  the  ultimate  cost  of  renewing  of  the  various  mal 
you  must  doubtless  soon  face  is  against  the  Plan  No.  Two. 
caused  by  the  fact  that  you  have  now  installed  a  system  whose 
eral  lines  would  not  be  changed  by  Plan  No.  One.  If  you  could 
back  to  a  clean  slate  and  could  plan  some  of  the  buildings  near  Sfll 
ley,  such  as  Franklin  Hall,  Sibley  College  itself,  or  Lincoln  Hall,  s<! 
that  a  couple  of  250  H.P.  boilers  could  be  installed  within  the  build-1 
ing  in  such  a  way  that  the  waste  heat  from  such  installation  could  be 
allowed  to  rise  through  the  building  for  warming,  it  is  quite  probable 
that  Plan  No.  Two  would  work  out.  As  matters  now  stand  however, 
w’e  do  not  see  sufficient  warrant  for  it  to  counterbalance  the  effect  of 
the  heavy  teaming  across  the  Campus  to  supply  coal  to  the  boilers  so 
located,  in  addition  to  which  there  is  the  necessity  for  stacks  and 
other  somewhat  unornamental  apparatus  and  buildings  which  is  placed 
where  they  now  are  is  about  as  good  as  any  point  on  the  Campus. 

With  respect  to  the  matter  of  extension  of  the  existing  plant  it  can 
be  made  in  either  direction.  It  is  shown  toward  the  body  of  the  Cam¬ 
pus  but  if  you  prefer  it  on  the  lower  end  and  the  cost  of  foundations 
is  not  prohibitive  it  can  be  easily  placed  at  that  side. 

Would  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  we  have  deliberately 
drawn  a  line  through  Boardman  Hall.  We  prefer  to  see  the  main 
that  supplies  the  new  buildings  pass  through  instead  of  around  this 
building. 

You  will  note  in  the  report  that  one  advantage  of  having  the  boilers 
more  centrally  located  would  be  a  better  maintenance  of  pressures  at 
the  several  points  where  steam  is  used  for  heating  and  ventilating,  en¬ 
abling  steam  engines  to  be  used  instead  of  electric  motors  for  driving 
ventilating  apparatus  and  it  is  with  regret  that  we  do  not  find  suffi¬ 
cient  warrant  for  a  recommendation  of  the  location  of  boilers  on  the 
Campus  proper,  as  the  cost  of  operating  ventilating  fans  with  steam 
engines  is  very  small  since  the  exhaust  steam  would  be  used  in  the 
heater. 

There  are  a  number  of  matters  in  this  that  may  not  be  as  clear  to 
you  as  to  us  who  have  been  working  over  it  for  some  days.  We  would 
say  in  closing  that  if  you  desire,  Mr.  Steele  can  come  up  and  go  over 
matters  with  you  but  it  might  be  well  to  have  him  do  this  after  you 
have  had  a  chance  to  look  over  the  report  and  sketches.  We  append 
to  the  report  a  summary  showing  apparatus  as  found  in  the  various 
buildings. 


Yours  truly, 


W.  W.  CHURCHILL, 

Third  Vice  President. 


REPORT  ON  CENTRAL  STEAM  HEATING  PLANT, 
CORNELL  UNIVERSITY. 


General : 

The  buildings  of  the  University  are  heated  by  live  steam  which  is 
generated  in  the  Central  boiler  plant  and  distributed  by  underground 
pipes  to  the  various  buildings.  The  steam  pressure  carried  at  the 
boiler  house  varies  from  20  to  45  pounds,  depending  on  the  outside 
temperature.  The  water  of  condensation  is  returned  to  the  boilers 
through  a  system  of  piping  which  discharges  into  receiver  tanks  from 
which  it  is  pumped  into  the  boilers.  About  20%  of  the  water  is  wasted, 
due  to  leakage  and  also  to  the  fact  that  in  several  of  the  buildings  a 
portion  of  the  water  is  discharged  into  the  sewers,  as  their  basements 
are  below  the  level  of  the  return  pipe. 

Boiler  Plant : 

The  boiler  plant  has  a  rated  capacity  of  1000  H.P.  and  consists  of 
two  250  H.P.  Babcock  &  Wilcox  Water  Tube  Boilers  and  five  100  H.P. 
horizontal  return  tubular  boilers.  They  are  equipped  with  McClave 
shaking  grates  and  Argand  steam  jet  blowers.  They  are  two  8"  x  5"  x 
io'7  boiler  feed  pumps  ;  one  750  gal.  and  one  1500  gal.  receiving  tanks  for 
return  water.  The  chimney  is  brick,  6  ft.  square  and  96  ft.  high. 
There  is  a  high  pressure  steam  main,  to  which  the  boiler  feed  pumps 
and  blowers  are  connected,  and  one  of  the  H.R.T.  boilers  is  operated 
at  90  pounds  pressure  to  furnish  steam  for  this  purpose.  The  steam 
for  heating  the  Armory  and  Gymnasium  is  also  taken  from  the  high 
pressure  main.  Fuel  used  is  No.  1  Buckwheat  Coal. 

Piping  : 

The  main  steam  pipe  is  \o"  in  diameter  from  the  boilers  to  the  man¬ 
hole  where  the  branch  is  taken  off  for  Sage  College,  the  distance  being 
951  ft.  '  The  main  from  this  point  to  Morrill  Hall,  a  distance  of  1030 
ft.,  is  8"  pipe  ;  the  rest  of  the  main  is  6"  pipe.  The  various  junction 
points  have  been  marked  by  letters  on  the  plans,  and  sections  will  be 
referred  to  by  these  letters.  The  branches  to  the  various  buildings 
are  3//,  4//,  or  5"  pipe.  The  length  of  the  pipe  in  the  present  mains 
and  branches  is  as  follows  : 


Mains. 

\o" —  951  ft.  (A.B.) 

Sf/- — 1030  ft.  (B.C.D.) 
6" — 1060  ft.  (D.E.F.) 


Branches. 

5" —  37°  ft.  (approximate) 
4" — 1710  ft.  (approximate) 
3// —  540  ft.  (approximate) 


The  return  main  is  4"  in  diameter  with  branches  1"  to  2"  in  diameter. 

The  present  steam  piping  has  been  in  use  for  eleven  years,  and  a 
part  of  the  pipe  had  previously  been  used  for  about  five  years  in  the 
original  heating  plant  from  Sibley  College.  The  pipe  is  covered  with 
wrooden  log,  lined  with  a  standard  glazed  tile.  In  some  cases,  where 
it  was  difficult  to  slip  the  tile  into  the  log,  it  was  omitted.  The  log 


4 


is  now  water-soaked  and  rotten.  Wherever  the  pipe  has  been  uncov¬ 
ered  for  repairs  the  log  has  been  split  off  and  replaced  with  a  wooden 
box.  The  pipe  is  not  thoroughly  underdrained,  and  there  are  a  num¬ 
ber  of  places  where  the  surface  water  comes  in  contact  with  it.  This 
condition  of  the  pipe  line  results  in  a  much  greater  loss  than  would 
be  the  case  with  a  properly  laid  and  covered  pipe.  There  is  no  data 
available  giving  the  exact  amount  of  loss  of  heat  at  the  present  time. 

Under  the  present  conditions  the  loss  of  pressure  between  the  boiler 
room  and  Morse  Hall  (where  pressure  is  lowest  on  system)  amounts 
to  from  40  to  45  pounds  in  extreme  cold  weather.  This  loss  is  partly 
caused  by  the  excessive  condensation  in  the  pipe  and  the  waste  of 
steam  due  to  the  absence  of  proper  reducing  valves  and  traps  in  many 
of  the  buildings.  However,  the  present  pipe  will  be  inadequate  to 
carry  the  additional  steam  required  by  Goldwin  Smith  and  Rockefeller 
Halls,  except  during  moderate  weather. 

Reducing  Valves : 

Each  building  is  provided  with  a  valve  or  regulator  for  reducing  the 
pressure  of  the  steam  in  the  heating  system  of  the  building.  Most  of 
the  buildings  are  provided  with  the  old  style  Holly  Regulators,  which 
do  not  work  satisfactorily.  In  several  of  the  buildings  no  automatic 
reducing  valves  are  used,  but  the  supply  valve  is  partly  closed  so  as  to 
throttle  the  steam  and  thus  reduce  the  pressure.  The  pressure  on  the 
heating  systems  in  the  buildings  varies  over  wide  ranges,  and  in  some 
cases  becomes  practically  the  same  as  in  the  high  pressure  mains. 

Traps  : 

Traps  are  provided  in  each  building  to  discharge  the  condensation 
from  the  heating  system  into  the  return,  but  in  many  of  the  buildings 
these  traps  are  worn  out  and  cannot  be  kept  in  operating  condition 
and  the  house  return  is  connected  direct  to  the  main  through  the  by¬ 
pass  pipe.  This  gives  practically  a  free  outlet  to  the  water  and  steam, 
and,  with  the  high  pressure  which  is  frequently  carried  on  the  heating 
system,  a  large  amount  of  steam  is  wasted. 

Heating  System  : 

The  heating  system  in  the  buildings  usually  consist  of  low  pressure 
mains  in  the  basement,  with  risers  to  the  radiators  on  the  various 
floors.  The  main  and  risers,  being  dripped  into  the  return  main,  run 
near  the  basement  floor.  The  one  pipe  riser  system  is  used  exclusively. 
The  character  of  the  heating  surface  is  given  in  table  “B.”  The 
attached  table  “  A  ”  shows  the  style  of  reducing  valves,  traps,  low 
pressure  mains,  risers,  etc.,  installed  in  the  various  buildings. 

New  Boiler  Plant  : 

The  attached  table  “  B  ”  shows  the  cubic  contents  and  number  of 
B.T.U.  required  to  heat  the  various  buildings.  The  total  heat  required  in 


B.T.U.  by  the  buildings  now  in  use  is  30,856,000.  Adding  to  this  the  esti¬ 
mated  amount  of  heat  required  for  the  Goldwin  Smith  and  Rockefeller 
Halls,  which  is  9,720,000,  makes  the  total  heat  required  40,576,000 
B.T.U.  Assuming  that  the  loss  in  the  steam  pipes  will  equal  10%,  the 
total  heat  required  at  the  boiler  plant  will  be  45,085,000  B.T.U.,  which 
is  equivalent  to  1480  horse  power.  To  provide  for  additional  steam 
used  for  operating  feed  pumps  and  blowers  and  for  heating  water  for 
baths  and  other  purposes,  1500  horse  power  of  boilers  will  be  required. 
The  present  boilers  (1000  H.P.)  are  in  good  condition,  need  not  be 
disturbed,  and  500  horse  power  of  new  boilers  should  be  provided. 

The  present  boiler  equipment  completely  fills  the  boiler  house,  so 
that  it  will  be  necessary  to  extend  it  or  build  a  new  house.  An  addi¬ 
tional  chimney  will  also  be  required. 

The  new  boiler  house  and  chimney  should  be  designed  to  provide 
for  not  less  than  1000  H.P.  of  boilers,  so  that  additional  boilers  can 
be  installed  as  more  buildings  are  added. 

Changes  in  Piping. 

In  order  to  provide  for  supplying  steam  to  Goldwin  Smith  and 
Rockefeller  Halls,  additions  to  or  changes  in  the  present  pipe  sys¬ 
tem  will  be  required.  While  the  present  pipe  may  last  for  several 
years  if  undisturbed,  it  is  probably  not  in  fit  condition  to  relay,  and 
new  pipe  should  be  used  where  changes  are  made.  In  laying  pipe  it 
should  be  placed  in  a  tunnel  or  in  a  concrete  trench,  provided  with 
removable  covers  to  give  access  to  the  pipe  to  facilitate  repairs. 
The  attached  sketches  show  the  construction  of  such  a  tunnel  and 
such  a  pipe  trench.  The  tunnel  would  be  the  best  construction  for 
mains  and  the  trench  might  be  considered  sufficient  for  branches  but 
if  the  tunnel  cost  be  not  considered  too  high  for  branches  it  should 
be  used.  Wherever  practical  to  do  so,  the  mains  'should  be  run  in 
the  basements  of  buildings,  as  this  will  reduce  the  cost  of  construction 
while  a  portion  of  the  heat  radiated  from  the  pipes  will  then  be 
utilized  in  useful  heating.  Changes  should  not  be  made  in  the 
present  pipes,  except  those  required  by  the  addition  of  the  new  build¬ 
ings,  until  renewal  is  made  necessary,  this  because  of  the  deteriora¬ 
tion  of  the  pipe  and  the  fact  that  when  disturbed  it  is  quite  likely  to 
prove  a  loss.  Wires  for  electric  lighing  could  also  be  installed  in  the 
tunnels  and  thus  save  the  cost  of  a  conduit  system  and  the  unsightli¬ 
ness  of  the  overhead  lines. 

Reducing  Valves  and  Traps  : 

All  buildings  should  be  equipped  with  reducing  valves  and  traps, 
in  good  working  condition,  the  defective  ones  now  in  service  being 
replaced  with  new  ones. 

The  heating  requirements  of  the  various  buildings  are  such  that 
90%  of  the  heat  is  used  in  the  buildings  on  the  north  half  of  the 


6 


campus,  while  only  io$>  is  used  on  the  south  half  of  the  campus, 
nearest  the  central  heating  station.  This  necessitates  the  transmission 
of  a  large  quantity  of  steam  over  a  considerable  distance,  which  re¬ 
quires  large  mains,  and  results  in  a  consequent  loss  from  condensa¬ 
tion.  These  conditions  have  raised  the  question  of  the  advisability 
of  placing  the  new  boilers,  which  are  required  for  enlarging  the 
present  plant,  at  a  point  nearer  the  center  of  the  heating  load.  We 
have  therefore  developed  and  studied  two  plans  or  systems  as  follows  : 

Plan  No.  i : 

Enlarge  present  boiler  house  and  coal  bunker  to  provide  for  1000 
H.P.  of  boilers  and  provide  steel  chimney  for  same.  Install  500  H.P. 
of  boilers  together  with  feed  pump,  return  water  tank  and  boiler 
room  piping.  Replace  87/  steam  main  from  point  opposite  Sage  Col¬ 
lege  to  Boardman  Hall  with  io//  pipe  carried  in  concrete  tunnel. 
Provide  steam  main  from  Boardman  Hall  to  Goldwin  Smith  and 
Rockefeller  Halls.  Provide  new  reducing  valves  and  traps  in  old 
buildings  where  necessary.  Replace  present  mains  and  branches 
with  new  pipe  in  tunnels  or  trenches  from  time  to  time  as  present 
pipe  fails. 

Plan  No.  2  : 

Construct  new  boiler  plant  at  some  northern  point  either  in  or  near 
Sibley  College  or  in  the  basement  of  some  one  of  the  buildings. 
Plant  to  have  present  capacity  of  500  H.P.  and  ultimate  capacity  of 
not  less  than  1000  H.P.  Connect  boiler  plant  by  a  system  of  mains 
to  the  new  buildings  and  the  old  distributing  system  near  Boardman 
Hall  and  Sibley  College.  Pipe  to  be  carried  in  concrete  tunnel  or 
trenches.  Provide  new  reducing  valves  and  traps  in  old  buildings 
where  necessary.  Replace  present  mains  and  branches  with  new 
pipe  in  tunnels  or  trenches  from  time  to  time  as  present  pipe  fails. 

Plan  No.  1  presents  the  following  advantages  : 

The  location  of  the  present  plant  is  not  conspicuous  and  does  not 
detract  from  the  appearance  of  the  Campus.  It  is  near  the  edge  of 
the  Campus  so  that  coal  and  ash  wagons  will  have  to  transverse  but  a 
short  length  of  the  roadways.  All  the  firemen  will  be  employed  in 
one  building.  Practically  all  the  water  of  condensation  will  be  re¬ 
turned  by  gravity  to  the  boiler  house.  The  principal  disadvantage 
of  Plan  No.  1  is  that  it  is  such  a  great  distance  from  the  center  of 
the  heating  load,  that  large  steam  pipes  are  required  which  result  in 
a  considerable  loss  from  condensation  and  also  the  pressure  on  the 
northern  part  of  the  Campus  is  too  low  to  permit  the  operation  of 
steam  driven  ventilating  fans. 

The  advantages  possessed  by  plan  No.  2  are  that  it  would  be  located 
near  the  center  of  the  heating  load  and  smaller  mains  would  be  used. 
Sufficient  steam  pressure  could  be  maintained  at  the  various  buildings 


7 


to  operate  steam  driven  ventilating  fans  and  thus  effect  a  large  saving 
in  operating. 

The  principal  disadvantages  of  Plan  No.  2  are  : 

The  plant  unless  located  in  the  basement  of  one  of  the  buildings 
will  be  quite  prominent  and  a  tall  chimney  will  be  unsightly.  The 
coal  wagons  will  have  to  cross  the  Campus  and  this  will  tend  to  cut 
up  the  roadways  and  increase  the  cost  of  maintaining  them.  It  will 
be  more  difficult  to  superintend  the  operation  of  two  plants  than  one 
although  the  cost  of  firemen  will  be  no  greater  with  two  boiler  plants 
than  with  one.  With  the  boiler  plant  located  east  of  Central  Avenue 
the  water  of  condensation  from  buildings  west  of  Central  Avenue 
could  not  be  returned  by  gravity,  and  pumps  would  be  required. 

Until  extensive  additions  are  made  to  the  University  Buildings 
the  boiler  plant  provided  for  in  Plan  No.  2  would  need  be  operated 
only  during  the  three  winter  months  and  the  present  steam  heating 
plant  would  supply  the  required  heat  during  the  balance  of  the  year. 

Two  estimates  have  been  prepared,  showing  the  present  and  ulti¬ 
mate  cost  of  both  plans.  These  estimates  show  that  practically  the 
same  expenditure  is  required  at  the  present  time  for  both  plans,  but 
that  the  ultimate  cost  of  Plan  No.  1  will  be  about  $13,600  less  than 
Plan  No.  2. 

Estimates  have  been  made  and  are  appended  hereto. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

WESTINGHOUSE,  CHURCH,  KERR  &  &0. 

W.  D.  STEEEE. 


ESTIMATED  COST  OF  PLAN  NO.  1. 


The  estimated  cost  to  W.  C.  K.  &  Co.  of  extending  present  boiler 
plant  and  changing  the  steam  main  is  as  follows  : 


Boiler  House  building  and  coal  bunker,  extended  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  1000  H.P.  boilers,  including  brick-lined  stack, 

7  ft.  x  150  ft _ $16,100  00 

Two  250  H.P.  B.  &  W.  boilers,  erected,  including  brick¬ 
work  ;  also  feed  pump,  piping,  smoke  flue,  etc -  12,100  00 


New  steam  and  return  mains  (Section  B.C.),  io7/  steam 
pipe  and  return  pipe,  carried  in  concrete  tunnel, 
Sage  College  manhole,  to  Boardman  Hall.  Old  mains 
not  disturbed  between  power  house  and  Sage  College 
manhole  (Section  A.B. )  or  from  Boardman  Hall  to 


Lincoln  Hall  (Section  C.D.,  E.  &  P\ ) _  9,200  00 

Cost  of  reducing  valves  and  traps  in  buildings  not  now 

provided  with  ones  in  good  working  order _  2,650  00 


8 


Branch  main  to  Goldwin  Smith  and  Rockefeller  Halls,  in 
basement  of  Boardman  Hall  and  in  tunnel  to  Goldwin 
Smith  Hall  and  in  branch  to  Rockefeller  Hall  in  con¬ 
crete  trench _ 

Total  cost  of  work  required  in  1904 _ 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipe  is  carried  in  a  concrete  trench  in¬ 
stead  of  a  tunnel _ 

Cost  of  replacing  old  main  from  Sage  College  manhole  to 
present  boiler  plant  when  pipe  fails.  Pipes  to  be 

carried  in  concrete  tunnel _ 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipe  is  carried  in  a  concrete  trench 

instead  of  in  a  tunnel _ 

Cost  of  replacing  old  main  (Section  C.D.E.)  when  present 
pipe  fails.  8//  steam  pipe  and  return  pipe,  Board- 
man  Hall  to  White  Hall  manholes — Pipes  to  be  carried 

in  concrete  tunnel _ 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipe  is  carried  in  the  basements  of 
Morrill,  McGraw  and  White  Halls  instead  of  in  tunnel 
Reduction  in  cost  if  pipe  is  carried  in  a  concrete  trench 

instead  of  in  a  tunnel _ 

Cost  of  replacing  old  branch  pipes  when  they  fail  with  new 
pipes  in  concrete  trenches.  This  includes  replacing 
W'  branch  main  from  White  Hall  to  Lincoln  Hall _ 

SUMMARY — PUAN  NO.  I. 

Building  extension  and  chimney _ 

Boiler  plant _ 

Replacing  old  main  (Section  B.C.),  Sage  College  to  Board- 

man  Hall  in  tunnel _ 

Branch  pipes  to  Goldwin-Smith  and  Rockefeller  Halls _ 

Changing  reducing  valves  and  traps _ 

Replacing  old  main  (Section  A.B.),  Sage  College  to  boiler 

house  in  tunnel _ 

Replacing  old  main  (Section  C.D.E.),  Boardman  Hall  to 

White  Hall  in  tunnel _ 

Replacing  branch  pipes  to  present  buildings  and  branch 
main  E.  F.  in  concrete  trench _ 

Ultimate  cost _ 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipes  are  carried  in  concrete  trenches 
instead  of  in  tunnels  : 

Section  B.C. — Sage  to  Boardman,  also 

new  main  to  Goldwin  Smith _ $3,300  00 

Section  A.B. — Boiler  house  to  Sage _  3, 000  00 

Section  C.D.E. — Boardman  to  White 3,000  00 

Ultimate  cost  if  trenches  are  used _ 


10.500  00 
150,550  00 

3.300  00 

12.500  00 
3,000  00 

12,200  00 
2,700  00 
3,000  00 

13,000  00 

$16,100  00 
12,100  00 

9,200  00 

10.500  00 
2,650  00 

12.500  00 

12,200  00 

13,000  00 
$88,250  00 

9.300  00 
$78,950  00 


ESTIMATED  COST  OF  PLAN  NO.  2. 


The  estimated  cost  to  W.  C.  K.  &  Co.  for  a  boiler  plant,  north  of 
Sibley  College,  laying  a  new  main,  and  changing  old  mains,  is  as 
follows  : 

Boiler  House  building  and  coal  bunker  to  provide  for  1000 
H.P.  boilers,  including  brick-lined  steel  stack, 

7  ft.  x  150  ft.,  or  short  stack  and  forced  draft _ $16,500  00 

Two  250  H.P. ,  B.  &  W.  boilers,  erected,  with  feed,  pump, 

piping,  smoke  flue,  etc _  12,100  00 

New  steam  return  main  (Section  F.I.H.C.)  laid  in  concrete 
tunnel,  87/  pipe  to  Sibley,  6/7  pipe  from  Sibley  Hall  to 
Boardman  Hall  and  3//  return  pipe  ;  also  the  branch 

pipe  to  Rockefeller  Hall  in  concrete  trench _  19,000  00 

Reducing  valves  and  traps  in  buildings  not  now  provided 

with  ones  in  good  working  order _  2,650  00 

Total  cost  of  work  required  in  1904 _ $50,250  00 

Additional  costs  if  pipe  is  carried  in  tunnel  instead  of 
through  the  basements  of  Sibley,  Lincoln  Hall  and 

Boardman  Hall _  3,600  00 

Reduction  in  cost  if  all  pipe  is  laid  in  concrete  trench  in¬ 
stead  of  in  a  tunnel _  5,200  00 

Cost  of  replacing  old  main  (Section  A.B.C.)  from  present 
boiler  plant  to  Boardman  Hall  when  pipe  fails.  Pipe 

to  be  carried  in  concrete  tunnel _  21,000  00 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipe  is  carried  in  concrete  trench  in¬ 
stead  of  in  a  tunnel _  5, 500  00 

Cost  of  replacing  old  main  (Section  C.D.E.F. )  from  Board- 
man  Hall  to  Sibley  when  present  pipe  fails.  Pipe  to 

be  carried  in  tunnel _  213600  00 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipe  is  carried  in  basements  of  Morrill, 

McGraw,  White,  Franklin  and  Sibley,  instead  of  in  a 

tunnel _  6,400  00 

Reduction  in  cost  if  concrete  trench  is  used  instead  of 

tunnel _  5, 400  00 

Cost  of  replacing  old  branch  pipe  with  new  pipe  in  concrete 

trench _  9,000  00 

SUMMARY — PUAN  NO.  2. 

Building  and  chimney _ $16,500  00 

Boiler  plant _  12,10000 

New  main,  new  boiler  house  to  Boardman,  in  tunnel  and 

basements _  19,000  00 

Changing  reducing  valves  and  traps _  2,650  00 

Replacing  old  main  (Section  A.B.C.)  Boardman  to  old 

boiler  house  in  tunnel _ _ _  21,000  00 


IO 


Replacing  old  main  (Section  F.I.H.C.),  Boardman  to 

Sibley  in  tunnel _  21,600  00 

Replacing  branch  pipes  to  present  buildings  in  trenches,,  9,000  00 

Ultimate  cost _ _ _ $101,850  00 

Reduction  in  cost  if  pipes  are  carried  in  concrete  trenches 


instead  of  in  tunnels  : 

Section  F.I.H.C. — Sibley  boiler  house  to 

Boardman _ $5,200  00 

Section  A.B.C. — Present  boiler  house  to 

Boardman _  5, 500  00 

Section  C.D.E.F. — Present  main,  Board- 

man  to  Sibley _  5, 400  00  16,100  00 


Ultimate  cost  if  trenches  are  used _ 


$85,750  00 


A. 


CORNELL  UNIVERSITY  HEATING  SYSTEM. 


High  Pres. 

Low  Pres. 

Mains. 

System. 

Building. 

Supply. 

Return. 

Main. 

Riser. 

Steam 

Pres 

Remarks. 

in. 

in. 

in.  in.  lbs. 

Armory _ 2  1#  3  5 

Gymnasium  __  iy  1%  3  5 

Sage  Cottage__  3  iY  3  6 


Sage  College..  52427 


Barnes  Hall _ 3  2  5  2  10 


1/2 

Sage  Chapel  __  3  iy 
Stimson  Hall..  4 

Boardman  Hall  41^5  4 

4 

3 

Library - 4  1%  5  2  5 

4 
3 

Morrill  Hall..  324  2^  y2 


Reducing  valve  2"  Curtis  on  high 
pressure  main  in  boiler  room. 
Bundy  trap. 

Same  reducing  valve  and  trap  as 
armory. 

Reducing  valve,  Curtis,  works 

O.  K.  with  high  initial  pressure. 
Traps,  1"  Bundy  to  drain  steam 
main  and  supply  to  house.  i// 
Dean  for  returns. 

Reducing  valve,  north  side, 
Mason.  Not  used.  Using  by-pass. 
South  side,  3//  Holly  in  use. 

Traps,  North  side,  Y"  Curtis  ex¬ 
pansion.  South  side,  Y"  Holly. 
Not  used  ;  using  Y"  by-pass. 

Reducing  valve,  Balanced  valve. 

Not  used.  Use  supply  valve 
throttled. 

Trap,  1 %  Davis. 

Reducing  valve,  2"  Locke,  O.  K. 

Trap,  \  Yz"  Holly.  Not  used.  Using 
by-pass. 

Reducing  valve,  balanced.  Not 
used.  Using  valve  throttled. 

Trap,  1 Y"  Walworth  Bucket.  Not 
used.  Using  by-pass. 

Reducing  valve,  none.  Using  valve 
throttled. 

Trap,  \Y"  Curtis.  Not  used.  Using 
by-pass. 

Reducing  valve,  3"  old  Holly.  Not 
used. 

Trap,  1  Yz"  Holly.  Not  used.  Using 
by-pass. 


3 


2 


12 


in.  in.  in.  in.  lbs. 


White  Hall _ 4 

McGraw  Hall.  3 

Morse  Hall _ 4 

Chem.  Annex.  4 

Franklin  Hall.  4 
Dynamo  Dab _ 2X/Z 


Sibley,  West..  4 

Center.  4 

East _ 4 

Sibley  Shops, 

West  __  4 

East _ 4 

Found’v 

Lincoln  Hall..  4 


3 

4 
3 


2  3 


1 


3 

2 

2 


2  >4  /4  Reducing  valve,  5"  old  Holly.  Not 

used. 

2  Trap,  none.  Using  *4"  by-pass. 

i/4  5  Reducing  valve,  3//  old  Holly.  Not 

used. 

Trap,  i]4"  Holly.  Not  used.  Using 
by-pass. 

Reducing  valve,  3//  Holly,  new  style- 

Trap,  Bundy. 

2  7  Reducing  valve,  47/  Locke,  O.  K. 

Traps,  2  Mason  on  coils  ;  1 

Bundy  on  direct ;  1  %ff 

Bundy  on  end  of  supply  main. 

\x/z  5  Reducing  valve,  t>//  Holly. 

\]4  Trap,  1 "  Bundy. 

5  Reducing  valve,  none. 

Trap,  Bucket.  Not  used.  Using 
by-pass. 

Note. — Supply  from  Franklin  Hall 
mains. 

5  Reducing  valve,  Holly,  O.  K. 

Trap,  none.  Using  by-pass. 

5  Reducing  valve,  Locke,  O.  K. 

Trap,  1  Bundy. 

5  Reducing  valve,  Holly. 

Trap,  none.  Using  by-pass. 


3  Reducing  valve,  . 

Trap. 

2  Reducing  valve,  4"  Holly. 

Trap,  1"  Bundy. 

Note. — Supply  from  Mech.  Lab. 
mains. 

2^4  3  2  3  Reducing  valve,  new  style  Holly  ‘ 

O.  K. 

Trap,  2  2 y2"  Walworth  Bucket,  each 
side  of  building. 


T3 


B. 


Buildings. 

Cubic  contents  of  build¬ 
ing  above  ground. 

Estimated  B.T.U.'s  re¬ 
quired  per  hour  zero 
weather ,  2%  B.T.U.'s 
per  cubic  ft. 

Heating  surface  now  in 

buildings. 

Armory _ 

cu.  ft. 
190,000 

475,000 

I,o6o 

Gymnas. _ 

Sage  Cott.__ 

165,000 

115,000 

413,000 

288,000 

L265 

Sage  Coll.__ 

93°, 000 

2,325,000 

10,630 

Barnes  Hall_ 

Sage  Chapel 

196,000 

141,000 

490,000  1 

352,000 

1,990  D 

360  Ind. 
1,300 

Stimson  Hall 

619,000  - 

r 

1,548,000  H. 
1,548,000  V. 

.  5,740  D 
3,800  Ind. 

Boardman _ 

405,000  - 

1,013,000  H 
1,013,000  V 

j-  5,ooo 

Library  _ 

741,000  - 

1,852,000  H 
1,852,000  V 

j-  7,750 

Morrill  Hall. 

366,000 

915,000 

McGraw _ 

618,  ooo< 

'  1,545,000  H  1 
l  450,000  V  J 

White  Hall_ 

366,000 

9I5,oo° 

r 

Morse  Hall  _ 

646,000  - 

1,615,000  H 
1,615,000  V 

- 

l  J 

Chemical _ 

449,000  •. 

1,123,000  H  1 
2,246,000  V 

Franklin _ 

408,000  x 

1,020,000  H 
510,000  V 

Kind  of  Heating  Surface. 


Bundy  single  col. 
high. 

Coils  i"  pipe  and  Bundy. 

Standard  38//  high, 
Bundy  Columbia  3s'7, 
Indirect  stacks  3-200 
sq.  ft. 

2968  sq.  ft.  Bundy  Col¬ 
umbia  2  Col.  7662 
sq.  ft.  Bundy  Old  1 
Col. 


Bundy  Columbia  38// 
high.  All  D. 

'  1 -Fan  8"  wheel  capac¬ 
ity,  42,000  cu.  ft.  per 
min.  2  exhaust  fans 
4.8"  drain. 

{Indirect  natural  draft- 
coils  in  basement. 
Halls  have  direct. 

{Indirect  gold  pin.  Di¬ 
rect  Bundy  single  cols, 
in  halls  and  offices. 

{Bundy  Columbia  2-col. 
W.  iron  pipe  coils. 
Indirect  No  fans. 

'  West  End.  Indirect. 
No  fans. 

-  Center — Direct. 

East — Direct  and  Indi¬ 
rect  for  lecture  room. 

{Direct  to  keep  50°  at 
night.  Indirect  sys¬ 
tem  for  day  time. 

{Indirect  for  lecture 

room.  Direct  for 

other  parts. 


cu.  ft. 


Dyn.  Lab.__ 

123,000 

308,000 

Sib.— West  . 

363,000 

908,000 

“  — Cent__ 

346,000  - 

965,000 

“  — East__ 

352,000 

880,000 

Sib.  Shops, 

West .  _  _ 

234,000 

608,000 

Sib.  Shops, 
East  .  _ 

144,000 

360,000 

Foundry  _ 

96,000 

240,000 

Lincoln  Hall 

586,000 

1,465,000 

To’l  for  pres¬ 
ent  build- 

ings _  8,599,000  30,856,000 


Goldwin  Smith  Hall 
Rockefeller  Hall _ 


'Direct — Mostly  pipe 

coils. 

All  direct. 

Direct  wall  coils. 

Indi’t  to  Draught,  room 

Pipe  coils. 

Pipe  coils  and  a  few 
radiators. 

Coils. 

{Direct  except  4  small 
indirect  stacks  about 
5%. 


3,000,000  H. 
2,050,000  V. 
3,000,000  H. 
1,670,000  V. 


Total  for  buildings  under  construction __  9,720,000 

Total  for  present  buildings _ 30,856,000 


Total 


_  40,576,000  B.T.U.’s 


